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ccna 200 301 bookshelf vitalsource ipad.wording actually makes implementation more difficult, which would be the case if a new standard were created for the many additional featuresmuch simpler. By default, IPv6 has been enhanced to include many features and to make these features standardIn this section I'll break down the IPv6 address and show the details of it. For now, let me just say that having a large address space gives IPv6 addresses more layers and a more flexible addressing structure. And IPv6 also improves the efficiency and scalability of routing because such addresses can be aggregated more efficiently. IPv6 also allows hosts and networks to have multiple addresses, which is critical for enhancing the availability of enterprise networks. In addition, IPv6 makes heavy use of multicast communications (one device sending information to multiple hosts or specific groups), and multicast will dramatically improve network efficiency because the communications will then be more targeted.The heavy use of broadcasts in IPv4 creates a number of problems, the most deadly being broadcast storms - the uncontrolled forwarding of broadcast traffic that can bring down an entire network and consume the last bit of bandwidth. Another annoying aspect of broadcast traffic is that it disturbs every device in the network. When a broadcast is sent, every device must stop what it's doing to process it, and it must respond to it whether it makes sense or not.Don't worry: there is no traffic like broadcasts in IPv6 because it uses multicasts instead of broadcasts. There are two other types of communication: unicast (the same as unicast in IPv4), and a completely new type, arbitrary broadcast. The rule for arbitrary communication is to configure multiple devices with the same address, and when traffic is sent to that address, the device routes the traffic to the nearest host that has that address, or "one to the nearest", which is just the beginning. This is just the beginning, as the different types of communication are described in depth in the section on Address Types.5.3 IPv6 Addressing 1475.3.3 IPv6 Addressing and ExpressionsJust as learning to understand the structure and purpose of IP addresses is essential to learning about IPv4 addresses, so too is learning about IPv6. As you know by now, IPv6 addresses are 128 bits long, providing a much larger address space than IPv4 addresses. Not only that, but new uses for these addresses have been introduced in IPv6, which may make you think that IPv6 is a pain to manage. Don't worry! As I said, I'll break down the IPv6 address to its most basic structure, show you what it looks like and how to write the address, and introduce common uses of IPv6 addresses. You may be uncomfortable when you first encounter an IPv6 address, but you'll soon become familiar with it.Take a look at Figure 5.3, where an IPv6 address is broken up into multiple parts.As you can see, the address is quite a bit longer, but what else is different? First, look at the shape, the IPv6 address consists of 8 groups of characters instead of 4; each group is separated by a colon instead of a dot. And wait, there are letters in the address ......! Yes, IPv6 addresses, like MAC addresses, are expressed in hexadecimal, so you could say that this address is a block of 8 hexadecimal characters separated by colons. An IPv6 address is also called a 128-bit colon separated hexadecimal number 2001:0db8:3c4d:0012:0000:0000:1234:56ab value. That's a pretty long name, and, chances are, you don't have the