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i medita ccna fees.As seen in Figure 13.5, the data (EVERYWORLD) issued by the attacker exceeds the capacity of the cache, causing the data to be subsequently written to an adjacent memory location. This example, although very simple, reveals how an attacker can write instructions to the system and take the opportunity to execute code locally or remotely. In some cache overflow attacks, the attacker writes shellcode,to invoke instructions and manipulate the system.Book. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Vulnerability: A Web application vulnerability that allows an attacker to inject malicious scripts into a legitimate system viaThe vulnerability can be exploited to inject malicious scripts into a legitimate, trusted Web site. An attacker could use a Web application to launch an attack against an XSS vulnerability, sending malicious code (typically in the form of browser-side scripting) to a large number of end users. XSS vulnerabilities are very common and occur anywhere that a Web application uses user input in its generated output without validation or coding. There are multiple types of XSS vulnerabilities (reflection, storage, etc.).i SlitCross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability: a vulnerability that forces an end user to perform undesirable actions on a Web application\SS vulnerability. Typically, a user will perform undesirable actions after being authenticated by such a Web application. State-changingrequests are often the target of CSRF attacks, but the attacker cannot steal data because it cannot view the response to the forged request. CSRF attacks can be launched in conjunction with social engineering attacks. Cryptographic vulnerability: A vulnerability or flaw in an encryption protocol or its implementation. Deserialization vulnerability in untrusted data: The use or creation of misformatted or anomalous data that abuses application logic, leading to a DoS attack or the execution of arbitrary code.Double Free: A frequent vulnerability in C, C++, and similar languages that results when free() is called multiple times using the same memory address as an argument.Insufficiententropy: A vulnerability in which cryptographic applications are not properly primed. Let's say that pseudo-random number generation13.3 Types of Vulnerabilities 483Formers (PRNGs) may be vulnerable to insufficient full-blown vulnerabilities and attacks during initialization.X. SQL Injection Vulnerability: An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to insert or "inject" SQL query statements from the client into the application miasma or data base as input data.