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ccna 200 301 booksmart film running.What if you have a handful of hosts connected together through a switch or hub, and no DHCP server is deployed on the network? You can add IP information manually (this is called static 1P addressing), or you can use a feature called Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) provided by the newer Windows operating systems. By using APIPA, clients can automatically configure IP addresses and subnet masks (the most basic IP information used by hosts to communicate) for themselves without a DHCP server available. The IP address range used by APIPA is 169.254.0.1.169.254.255.254. clients also configure themselves with a default Class B subnet mask of 255.255.0.0oWhen you are working on a corporate network with a DHCP server deployed though, if your host shows that it is using an address in this IP address range, it could mean that the DHCP client on your host is on strike, or the DHCP server is down, or the host is unable to access the server due to network issues. I've never seen anyone see this address range and still be happy.Then we come to the transport layer, or in DoD model parlance: the host-to-host layer.4.2.2 Host-to-host layer protocolsThe main role of the host-to-host layer is to create a simple network environment for upper layer applications. It says to the upper layer, "Just give me your data streams and commands, and I will organize them into a sendable state for youThe next subsections describe the two protocols in this layer.Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) - User Datagram Protocol (UDP) In addition to this will introduce important concepts of host layer to host layer protocols, such as port numbers.Remember that this is still Layer 4, and Cisco is very satisfied with the acknowledgement, sequencing, and flow control mechanisms that Layer 4 can provide.Transmission Control ProtocolThe Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) receives large blocks of information from applications and splits them into data segments. It will label and order the data segments so that the destination device's TCP stack can combine the segments back in order so that the upper layer application can process the information. After these segments are sent, TCP (on the sender host) waits for an acknowledgement message from the receiver's TCP virtual circuit session and retransmits those data segments for which no acknowledgement message was received.