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cisco dumps free.There are also some attacks against SHA-1, and since SHA-1 is also vulnerable, it is recommended to try to use 512-bit298 Chapter 6 Cryptography and Public Key Infrastructure ( PKI ) Basics SHA-2OHint: Over the past few years, there has been much discussion about quantumcomputers and their potential impact on current cryptographic standards. There is active research and growing interest in this area. The industry is trying to mark the post-quantum ready and next generation cryptographic algorithms. Other public key algorithms are also considered to be resistant to post-quantum security attacks, but there are not many standards that support these algorithms.6.2.4 Hash Message Authentication Codes . The Hashed Message Authentication Code (HMAC) follows the mechanism of hash computation, but goes a step further. Instead of a hash that anyone can compute, it includes some kind of key in the computation. Thus, only the other party who knows the key and can compute the hash can correctly verify the hash value. Once this mechanism is enabled, an attacker can still eavesdrop and intercept the packet, but any slight alteration to the information in the packet is bound to be detected because the hacker does not have the key used to perform the hash computation in6.2 Cryptography 299Key management involves generating keys, verifying them, exchanging them, storing them, and destroying them at the "end of life". This is an example of the importance of key management. Two devices wishing to establish a VPN session send encryption keys in plaintext at the beginning of the session. If this were the case, then an attacker snooping on the key could use it to decrypt the ciphertext into readable plaintext, which would result in a loss of confidentiality within the VPN.6.2.5 Digital signatures When a reader signs something, it indicates that the reader will fully comply with a promise, or at least prove the I-mans point of view of the reader'sthe identity of the person. In the field of cryptography, digital signatures can provide the following 3 important functions. Authentication. Ensuring data integrity. Ensure non-repudiation.Example of a digital signature:... Hip Twenty To grasp how digital signatures work, it is important to fully understand what has just been introduced with public key . Private Key Pairs, Hashing, and 'Tamsui Encryption The points related to private key pairs, digital signatures address each of these points.In most books that teach network security, encryption and PKI are explained in terms of 3 fictional characters, Bob, Alice, and Eve. o Bob and Alice are usually two entities that exchange secure messages over a public or untrusted network, and Eve is the person who tries to eavesdrop and steal the messages exchanged by Bob and Alice. To make the content more interesting, the three characters used in this book are Batman, Robin, and the Joker, and the three entities are shown in Figure 6-1. Now, Batman sends an encrypted message to Robin, with the intention of not letting the Joker know the contents of the message.