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cisco dumps download.RSA is an asymmetric encryption algorithm that is often used to perform authentication (for example, RSA is used for digital signature functions).6.2.3 HashHashing is a method used to verify the integrity of data. For example, to verify the integrity of a software image file downloaded from the Cisco(fl website, either log into a CiscoIOS device and execute the verifymd5 command to verify it, or use the checksum verification tool on a host with some operating system (MicrosoftWindows, Linux, or macOS) installed.The SHA512 checksum (512 bits) output is represented as 128 hexadecimal digits, while the 128-bit (16-byte) hashes generated by MD5 are typically in text format and presented as 32-bit hexadecimal digits. Example 6.2 shows a comparison of the SHA512 checksum of a Cisco ASA software image (asa941-smpk8.bin) with the MD5 checksum.Example 6-2 Hash Verification of a Cisco ASA Software ImageSHA512checksum Ib6d4le893868aab9e06e78a9902b925227c82d8e31978ff2c412cl8ac99f49f7035471544 1385e0b96e4bd3e861dl8fb30433d52el2bl5b501fa790f36d0ea0MD5 checksum6ddc5129d43a22490a3c42d93f058ffeAn encrypted hash function is a process that takes a block of data and creates a small string of hash values of fixed length. It is a one-way function; if two different computers take the same data and run the same hash function, they should get the same hash value (e.g., a hash of 12 bits in length). The Message Digest 5 (MessageDigest5, MD5) algorithm is a cryptographic hash function. Using a different6.2 Cryptography 297 it is impossible (or at least unlikely) to generate the same hash with different blocks of data. This is called collision resistance (CR). The result of a hash operation is a small string of data of fixed length, sometimes called a digest, message digest, or simply a hash value. This brings us to an example of using hashes to verify integrity. The sending host performs a hash calculation on the packet, attaches the hash value to the packet, and sends it to the receiving host. Upon receiving the packet, the receiving host performs the same hash calculation and compares the result of the calculation with that of the sending host (the hash value carried by the packet). If the two values match, the received packet is sent intact. Even if one bit of the packet covered by the hash calculation is modified during transmission, the hash value calculated by the receiving host and the hash value carried by the packet will no longer match, and once this happens, the receiving host knows that the integrity of the packet has been compromised. Example 6.3 shows how to verify the integrity of 3 files and compare the contents of each file. As seen in Example 6-3, there are 3 files (file_l.txt, file_2.txt and file_3.txt). the Linux command shasum serves to display the hash values of those 3 files. Since the contents of the files file_l.txt and file_3.txt are identical, the SHA512 hash values of these two files are the same.Example 6-3 Calculating the SHA512 hash of a file with the shasum commandbash-3.2$ Is -1 -rw-r-r a-1omar staff32Dec 7 12:30filel.txt