200 301 ccna torrent

200 301 ccna torrent.2. Fast PortsFast ports allow switches to immediately transition from a blocking state to a forwarding state, skipping the listening and learning states. However, a condition for being able to safely enable the fast port method is that the port cannot be connected to a bridge, switch, or other STP session device. Otherwise, using a fast port may result in loopbacks, which is what the listen and learn states are intended to avoid.Fast ports are the best choice for connecting to end-user devices. If the switch port connected to the end-user is enabled for fast ports, when the end-user's PC boots up, then the switch port transitions to the STP forwarding state and starts forwarding traffic when the PC's NIC is activated. If fast ports are not enabled, then each port must wait for the switch to acknowledge it as the designated port, and also wait for a period of time before setting it to the forwarding state as these ports will be in a temporary listening and learning state.3. BPDU ProtectionSTP leads to a number of possible security risks for the LAN..An attacker could connect a switch to one of these ports. which has a low STP priority. it becomes the root switch. The new STP topology may have lower performance than the desired topology.An attacker could plug in multiple ports, multiple switches and become the root and then actually forward much of the traffic in the LAN. If no network personnel discover this, an attacker can use a LAN analyzer to replicate a large number of data frames transmitted in the LAN.Users can also inadvertently break the LAN, for example a user might buy and connect a cheap consumer-grade LAN switch (a switch that does not use STP). Such a switch, without any STP functionality, would not have the option to block any ports and could therefore lead to loopbacks. The CiscoBPDU protection feature solves this type of problem by immediately disabling the port if any BPDUs are received on the interface. This feature is particularly useful for access ports or ports that are never connected to another switch. In addition, the BPDU protection feature avoids the problem of fast ports. Fast ports should only be enabled on access ports connected to user devices and not to other LANaccess ports that are enabled on the switch. If another switch is connected to such a port, the local switch will disable the port before a loopback occurs, which is why BPDU protection is used on these ports.