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ccna top institute in mumbai.The CLI is a character-based (text) interface. To interact with the CLI, you simply type commands, just as you would type an article in a text editor or a message in an e-mail program. In the IOSCLI, it is even possible to use features such as cut and paste: use the copy function of the terminal emulator to copy the complete configuration of the router, paste it into a text editor, make changes to the configuration, then select and copy the new configuration, and paste all these commands into the CLI.The CLI provides a command parser. After the user presses Enter, I0S will analyze the entered commands and parameters and check for correct syntax and options. When you paste multiple commands into the CLI, IOS will perform this process for each command that is pasted. If one of the commands is incorrect, the CLI parser will display an error message, but will continue to process the next command pasted.Before making changes to the configuration of an IOS device, be sure to make a backup of the configuration! Chapter 16 describes how to do this over the network, but it can also be done by executing the command showmnning-coiifig, copying the output of that command, and pasting it into a backup file in your PC-never modify this file. This backup file can be used if the behavior of the modified configuration is unexpected and you do not know how to restore it to the pre-modified running configuration. To perform a restore, delete the IOS device's configuration (use the command e rasestartup-config), reboot the IOS device (use the command reload), enter configuration mode after the device boots (execute the commands enable and configureterminal), and paste the backed up configuration. By default, the router interfacesare disabled by default, so you must enable them (using the command noshutdown) The IOS commands mentioned here are described later in this chapter and in Section16 discusses them.10.2.3 CLI Access ModesEach Cisco device supports multiple access modes, and in the case of CLI interaction, there are four supported modes. . User EXEC mode: provides basic access to the I0S, with limited commands available, essentially simple monitoring and troubleshooting commands.. Privileged EXEC mode: provides advanced access to the IOS, including all commands available in user EXEC mode. . Configuration mode: allows modification of the device's configuration..ROMMON mode: loads a bootloader that allows the user to perform low-level diagnostic checks on the IOS device, perform password recovery, and perform emergency upgrades.Of these 4 modes, the first 3 are for IOS, while in ROMMON mode, IOS is not loaded and therefore cannot transfer packets between the device's interfaces. Both EXEC modes can be configured with a password so that only those who know the password can access the device and thus perform management, configuration, and troubleshooting tasks. The next two subsections describe these two EXEC modes.