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ccna top institute in india.Each Cisco product is unique and has its own unique method of finding and loading IOS and configuration files, as you will see in this chapter and when working with Cisco devices in a production environment. For example, the Catalyst 2960 switch comes with default configurations that allow the switch to perform basic switching functions. However, Cisco routers typically require you to do some basic configuration in order to route traffic between interfaces. Exam IOS The device performs a POST at boot, finds and loads the IOS, and then finds and loads the configuration file.Certification Daymarks 10.0210.2 Command Line Interface (CU)How you access the IOSCLI depends on the type of device to be configured. In almost all cases, the console port will be used to interact with the device at first, but the way to access the CLI through the console port may vary from device to device. For example, on a Cisco router, logging in through the console port will take you directly to the IOS CLI. if you cannot find the configuration file for the router or switch, IOS will put you into setup mode (often called the system configuration dialog), which is a basic configuration script that lets you enter information about how you want to configure the IOS device, as discussed in Chapter 15.Once you have configured the Cisco device through the console port, you can modify the configuration using other access methods, such as Telnet or SSH (what Cisco calls Virtual Type Terminal [VTY] access), Simple File Transfer Protocol (TFTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), or a Web-based solution (CCP for routers). Cisco offers a number of management products (such as Prime) that can be used to configure and manage Cisco devices, but the focus of this book is on IOS CLIo10.2.1 Different IOSesAs you will see in this chapter and the next few chapters, although Cisco routers and switches both run IOS, they often use different commands! In other words, on Cisco routers and Catalyst switches, the way you configure the same feature may be different. However, on all IOS devices, the way to access IOS, switch between IOS modes, and use numerous management commands is the same. This can be confusing to people new to Cisco devices because the commands used to configure certain features are the same on all Cisco devices, while the commands used to configure other features are different on Cisco routers and Catalyst switches.Such command differences exist not only between products (such as routers and switches), but may also exist within the same product line (such as Cisco routers). For example, Cisco sells different versions of IOS software for routers based on customer demand; also, some commands work on some routers and not on others because of differences in the hardware configured.The number of IOS implementations has recently become much smaller. Previously, for each IOS version, there were 5, 10, or even more packages that customers could download depending on the features they purchased. Now, the number of packages is much smaller, usually no more than 3. Cisco now integrates most features into one IOS package, but customers must purchase a license key to unlock these features. Licensing is discussed in Chapter 16.10.2.2 Interacting with IOS -