ccna electronic book 8th edition

ccna electronic book 8th edition.1. server mode (server mode)You can create, modify, and delete VLANs on the VTP server, and this information is advertised to other switches in the domain; the VTP server updates its own VLAN information and forwards it when it receives VTP announcements from other switches. The VTP server saves the VLAN information in the NVRAM, i.e., the Flash:vlan.dat file. By default, the switch is in server mode. There must be at least one server per VTP domain, although there can be multiple.2. client mode (client mode)VTP client is not allowed to create, modify, or delete VLANs, but it will listen to VTP announcements from other switches and update its own VLAN information, and the received VTP information will also be forwarded to other switches on the Trunk link, so this switch can also act as a VTP trunk; VTPClient stores VLAN information in RAM and Flash. This information is not lost after reboot.3. Transparent mode (transparent mode)The switch in this mode does not fully participate in VTP; it can create, modify, and delete VLANs on the switch in this mode, but the VLAN information is not announced to other switches, and it does not receive VTP announcements from other switches to update its own VLAN information. In the same VTP domain, it will act as a VTP trunk by forwarding the received VTP announcements over a trunk link, so the switch can be considered completely transparent. VTP transparent mode will only store the VLAN information on this switch in NVRAM.13.1.3 VTP AnnouncementsVLAN information is synchronized through VTP announcements, which can only be transmitted on Trunk links (so the links between switches must be successfully configured or negotiated as Trunk). o VTP is a data link layer protocol, and VTP announcements are Ethernet IEEE802.3SNAP frames (protocol ID field is 0x2003), with multicast (destination MAC VTP announcements are Ethernet IEEE802.3SNAP frames (protocol ID field is 0x2003) sent as multicast (destination MAC address is Ol-00-Oc-cc-cc-cc-cc), and VTP announcements have a field called Revision, which represents the revision level of the VTP frame and is a 32-bit number. The default revision number for the switch is zero. The revision number is incremented each time VLAN information is added, deleted, or changed. The revision number is used to determine if the VLAN information received from another switch is newer than the information stored on this switch. If a VTP announcement revision number is received that is greater than your own, this switch updates its own VLAN information based on this announcement. If the switch receives a VTP announcement with a smaller revision number than its own, it will overwrite it with its own VLAN information in reverse. Note that a VTP announcement with a larger revision number overwrites the VLAN information of the switch with a smaller revision number, regardless of which VTP mode the switch itself is in (server mode or client mode).There are 3 types of VTP announcements: summary announcements, subset announcements, and request announcements.Summary notices contain the VTP domain name, current revision number, and other VTP configuration details, and are sent in the following cases.