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ccna 200 301 bookshelves ideas for kids.address space - good for everyone!BroadcastAddress is used by applications or hosts to send information to all devices in the network. A few examples: 255.255.255.255 for all devices in any network; 172.16.255.255 for all subnets and hosts in network 172.16.0.0; 10.255.255.255 for all subnets and hosts in network 10.0.0.0.5.1.2 Hierarchical IP Addressing MechanismAn IP address consists of 32 bits of value, and these bits are divided into 4 segments, each of which is an octet, that is, each segment contains 1 byte (8 bits). Since 1 octet also contains 1 byte, you can also refer to octets as bytes, which is why the two terms are used interchangeably as mentioned earlier. You can use the following three methods to describe an IP address.Dotted decimal, such as 172.16.30.56o. Binary, such as 10101100.00010000.00011110.00111000oHexadecimal, for example AC.10.lE.38oAll three of the above expressions describe the same IP address. Hexadecimal is not as common as dotted decimal or binary when discussing IP addressing, although you can still see IP addresses expressed in hexadecimal in some programs. It is in the Windows registry that the IP address of a device is stored in hexadecimal.This 32-bit IP address is the structured, or hierarchical, address; its counterpart is the flat, or non-hierarchical, address. Although either addressing mechanism could have been used, there was a reason for the final choice to use the split-elbow addressing mechanism. The advantage of this mechanism is that it can provide and manage a large number of addresses, almost 4.3 billion (each bit in a 32-bit address space can have two values of one or one - in total, this can constitute 232,or 4294967296 addresses). The disadvantage of the flat addressing mechanism, or the reason why it is not used in IP addressing, has to do with routing. If each address were unique, then the address of each device in the interconnected network would need to be stored on all routers in the interconnected network. This would make efficient routing impossible, even if only a small fraction of the addresses were used.The solution to the above problem is to use a Layer 2 or Layer 3 hierarchical addressing mechanism, which divides addresses into networks and hosts, and a Layer 3 addressing mechanism, which divides addresses into networks, subnets, and hosts.