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ccna 200 301 bookshelves walmart white.All the "big roads" in the network don't lead to Rome - they lead to IPo All other protocols at this layer, and all upper-layer protocols, use IPo Don't forget that all paths through the DoD model cross IP. Let's look at the protocols that work at the interconnection network layer. The Interconnection Protocol (IP)Interconnection Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) . Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)Proxy ARP Interconnection Network ProtocolThe Interconnection Protocol (IP) protocol is essentially the interconnection network layer. The other protocols working at this layer exist to support IP. The IP protocol controls the global blueprint, so to speak, and it can "see everything" so that all interconnected networks are IP aware IPo The IP protocol is able to do this because all devices in the network have software or logical addresses, also known as IP addresses.The IP protocol looks at the destination address of each packet and then, by looking up the routing table, decides where the next hop for that packet should be and chooses the optimal path to that point. The bottom layer of the DoD model: protocols in the network access layer do not benefit from IP's visible range-the entire network; protocols in the network access layer can only handle (thisground network) physical links.To move toward identifying a device in a network, the following two questions need to be answered: on which network is it located? What is its ID in that network? The answer to the first question is the software address, or logical address (the correct street). The answer to the second question is the hardware address (the correct mailbox). All hosts in a network have a logical ID called an IP address. this is a software (or logical) address that contains important encoded information that greatly simplifies the complexities of routing (IP is described in RFC 791).The IP protocol receives data segments from the host-to-host layer and splits them into multiple packets (datagrams) if needed. The IP protocol of the receiving device then turns the packets back into data segments. Each packet contains the IP address of the sender's device and the IP address of the receiver's device. Upon receiving the packet, each router (Layer 3 device) makes a routing decision based on the destination IP address of the packet.Figure 4.7 illustrates an IP header. From the figure you will understand the process that the IP protocol goes through as it receives user data from the upper layers and sends it to the far end of the network.