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ccna 200 301 bookstore movers reviews.The ApplicationLayer of the OSI model is the location that actually handles the communication between the user and the computer. This layer provides services only when the following occurs, i.e., when the application needs access to the network, such as an Internet browser (IE). You can uninstall every network component in your system, such as TCP/IP, network cards (NICs), etc., and you can still use positive to view local HTML documents after uninstallation-this is no problem. But if you want to use HTTP to get the HTML document, or get the file via FTP or TFTP, the situation becomes complicated. Because then IE will try to access the application layer to request these files. Here's what really happens: The application layer is the interface to the actual application (the application isn't even part of any layer of the OSI hierarchy at all), and the next layer of the application layer sends application information down the protocol stack. In other words, the IE browser doesn't run at the application layer - it acts as the interface between the application and the application layer protocol when access to remote resources is needed.The application layer is also responsible for identifying and establishing whether communication is possible between the two parties intending to establish communication and determining whether sufficient resources are available to support communication between the parties.These tasks are important because applications on a computer sometimes require more than just desktop resources. They often require a combination of communication components from multiple network applications. File transfer and e-mail are typical cases, and they both enable remote access, network management activities, client/server processing, and message location capabilities. Many web applications serve communications through the corporate network, but current and future interconnections need to grow rapidly and beyond the limits of the current physical network.It is important to remember that the application layer plays the role of an interface between real applications. This means that Microsoft Outlook, for example, is not part of the application layer, but it is the interface that holds the application layer protocols. Chapter 4, "The TCP/IP DoD Model," describes some of the programs that are really part of the application layer, such as FTP and TFTP.2.3.2 Representation LayerThe Presentation Layer is named after its purpose: it presents data to the application layer, and it is responsible for providing data conversion and encoding formats.The representation layer is essentially a converter, providing encoding and conversion functions. Successful data transmission technologies adapt data to a standard format before transmitting it. The computer can receive the data in this common format and then convert thedata into its native format and then actually read it (e.g., converting EBCDIC to ASCII). o By providing conversion services, the representation layer ensures that data sent from one system's application layer, can be recognized by another system's application layer.OSI provides protocol standards, which define standard data formats. The representation layer is also associated with data compression, decompression, encryption, and decryption efforts. Some representation layer standards are also concerned with multimedia services.2.3.3 Session Layer