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ccna 200 301 bookstore movers wash.The 0SI model is the first model of network architecture. It describes how data and network information is communicated, i.e., from an application on a computer, through a network medium, to an application on another computer. The 0SI reference model divides the communication process into multiple layers.In the next subsections, I will describe the hierarchical model and how this approach can help us troubleshoot in an interconnected network.2.2.1 The layered modelThe reference model is a conceptual blueprint for how communication should occur in a network. It addresses all the processes required for effective communication and logically classifies these processes into layers. o If a communication system is designed according to this concept, it is, for example, a layered structure.Think of it this way: suppose you and a few friends want to start a company. The first thing to do is to sit down and think about what tasks must be accomplished, by whom, in what order, and how these tasks relate to each other. Eventually, you would divide these tasks into different departments. Suppose you eventually decide to divide them into the following departments: the order department, the . Inventory Department, and the Shipping Department. Each department has different tasks, to saturate the workload of the employees and to keep them focused only on their own tasks.In the above scenario, I liken the layers in the communication system to departments. In order to work smoothly, the employees in each department must fully trust and rely on the work product of the other departments and be competent in their own functions. In this kind of planning, you will likely need to keep records, documenting the complete processing for later reference when discussing standardized operations, and the standards of operation will become your business blueprint or reference model.The department manager is in charge of the blueprint associated with the department and once the business is up and running, the department manager needs to form a set of practical methods to accomplish the tasks assigned to the department. These actual methods (or protocols) need to be written into a standardized operating procedures manual and updated in real time. Each process in the manual will be categorized into different causes and into different levels of importance and levels of implementation. If you partner with or acquire another company, then its business agreement - the business blueprint - must match yours (or at least be compatible).Similarly, a software developer can use a reference model to understand the communication processes of a computer and to determine what each layerwhat type of functionality needs to be implemented. When they develop a protocol for a particular layer, the entirety of their concern is focused on the functionality of that layer and not the other layers; another layer and protocol will be responsible for the other functionality. The technical term for this concept is called Binding o Each process of communication is bound or combined with each other, through each layer.2.2.2 Advantages of the Reference Model