ccna 200 301 syllabus definition and example of metaphor

ccna 200 301 syllabus definition and example of metaphor.A star topology has the following disadvantages.The total cost of implementation is increased because of the large number of cables used (but prices are decreasing).There is a single point of failure (hubs or other central devices).There are two more complex implementations of the star topology. One is called a Point-to-Point Link, where not only is the device at the center used as a hub, but the device at the opposite end of the link is also used as a hub. The other is called an extended star topology, and as I'm sure you can imagine, this topology has great scalability.Another modified version of the star topology is the wireless connection, but before you can understand this version, you need to fully grasp the capabilities and characteristics of all the devices in the wireless star topology. For now, you just need to know that the access points are pretty much wireless hubs or wireless switches, which behave similarly to wired devices.Figure 1.9 Typical star topology using hubsStar topology and extended star topology are the most common topology types for switches, as detailed in Chapter 2.1.3.3 Ring TopologyIn this type of network, you will find that each computer in the same network is directly connected to another computer. As shown in Figure 1.10, the data flow in the network goes through all the computers in the path back to the source, and the network's backbone cables form a ring. The problem is that the ring topology has many similarities to the bus topology, and when you want to add devices to the network, you must break this cable loop-an action that can bring down the entire network.The problems mentioned above are the main reason why this topology type is no longer common - not as common as it was in the 1980s and early 1990s. Other reasons include high cost, due to the need to use cables to connect each computer; difficult reconfiguration efforts; and, as you may have guessed, lack of fault tolerance.