ccna 200 301 syllabus of upsc exam in pdf

ccna 200 301 syllabus of upsc exam in pdf.From the above output, you can see that the RIP timer changes have taken effect. It is generally not recommended to change the default timer values unless one is very familiar with them.#6.3 VLSM and CIDREWith the rapid growth of the Internet, available IP addresses are becoming fewer and fewer, routing tables are becoming larger and core Internet routers are running out of processing power. To overcome these problems, VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Masking) techniques are used to conserve IP address usage, and CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) techniques are used to reduce the size of routing tables.6.3.1 VLSM*** 1.1.Using VLSM Traditional Classes A, B, and C use fixed-length subnet masks. In Chapter 2, the division of subnets is described, and by using a subnet mask that is larger than the traditional 8-bit, 16173 Abit, and 24-bit smaller subnet mask lengths to achieve subnetting. The partitioning of fixed-length subnet masks was described in Chapter 2, and this section describes a technique for variable-length subnet masks, where subnetting is done again for partial subnets.VLSM allows an organization to use multiple subnet masks in the same network address space. With VLSM, administrators can subnet subdivide subnets again, making addressing more efficient. Example 1 in Chapter 2, Section 2.5.5 of this book mentions a unit that has applied for a Class C network address of 199.1.1.0/24. The unit has five departments, and each department will have a maximum of 28 computers. To enhance security, a router is used to restrict access between departments to a limited number of computers. What is the appropriate subnet mask to set? What is the range of IP addresses used by each department? The solution given in Chapter 2 is to use a 27-bit subnet mask to split a Class C address into 8 subnets (ignoring the all "0" and all "1" subnets,and 6 available subnets, although in newer versions of Cisco IOS, you can use " Router(config)#ip subnet-zerow to support all-"0" and all-"1" subnets), which can hold 30 computers in each subnet. Imagine if the number of computers in the 5 departments were distributed as shown in Figure 6-3-1,how should the subnet mask be divided?Figure 6-3-1 VLSM RequirementsAs you can see in Figure 6-3-1, there is one department with 100 computers, another department with 50 computers, and three other departments with 10 computers each, which would not meet the IP address requirements if you used the fixed-length subnet mask approach described in Chapter 2. The calculation method using VLSM is described here, as shown in Figure 6-3-2.