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cisco sd wan dumps.There is a lot of technical terminology that we need to understand. While these terms are basic concepts to focus on, it is more important to understand how to use them for security purposes on the Windows platform. Knowing that a particular Windows process is a running program is important, but knowing that a process must have permission to run (must have permission to run) is equally important. Having this knowledge will prevent the process from damaging the system or performing unauthorized operations. For example, there should be some authorization settings for the "process that deletes everything on the hard drive" so that it doesn't "crash" the computer.Windows permissions handle objects associated with user permissions according to access control. This means that the superuser (for example, administrator) has more privileges than other user roles. Windows uses tokens to indicate the current security context of a process, which is done through the CreateProcessWithTokenW function.Authentication is often used to provide authorization for user roles. For example, a user can provide a username and password at login to authenticate to an access role with specific user privileges. Windows verifies such a login attempt, and if it passes, the user is granted authorization for a specific access level. Windows stores the user authentication data in a token that describes the security context of all processes associated with the user role. This means that the administrator token has permission to delete important items, while the lower-level user token has only view, not delete, permission.Figure 8-2 shows the process creating threads when the token is introduced in the calculator application example given earlier. The basic idea is that the process creates the thread, and the thread verifies that it can use the access token to run. For this example, the third thread is rejected for some reason, while the other two threads are allowed to run.Calculator ApplicationsThe process that generates the results of the calculationFigure 8-2 Processes creating threads when tokens are introduced in the previous example of the calculator applicationWhen developing an application and subsequently hardening it, it is important to understand which components work together. Threats present in the application (called vulnerabilities [vulnerability]) can be abused for the purpose of altering the intended operational outcome of the application. That's why it's important to take security into account at all stages of the application development process in order to ensure that one or another application component is not abused. Later in this chapter, we describe how processes and threads operate in Windows system memory.The following are important concepts of processes and threads.A process is a running program on the system that consists of one or more threads.