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cisco certification where to start.In most cases, each country's CERT also publishes information related to vulnerabilities collected from each vendor. Multiple consulting firms likewise offer customizable vulnerability aggregators and consulting services that customers can purchase based on the devices and systems present in their existing network environments. Vulnerability-related information can also be found on security-focused mailing lists. FullDisclosure and Bugtraq are among such mailing lists.2.Vulnerability Scans Performing a vulnerability scan is another common method of identifying vulnerabilities that exist in systems and devices. A vulnerability scanner is a type of software that can be used to identify vulnerabilities in a system. There are two ways to perform a vulnerability scan. Active scan: Have the vulnerability scanner actively send probe packets to the system and determine if a vulnerability exists based on the system's response. The active scan can be performed by having the scanner issue some sort of system "pass" to test the system for weak passwords. Passive scanning: Passive scanners deployed on the network can monitor the network traffic generated by the system and determine if the system is affected by a specific vulnerability. In general, a vulnerability scanner will not attempt to launch an attack using a vulnerability, but will make its own determination based on the information it gathers from the system. Let's say that a vulnerability scanner scans a system for vulnerabilities because the system's banner shows a vendor-provided version of the vulnerable operating system. However, vulnerability scanners are generally unable to indicate whether the scanned vulnerabilities can actually be exploited. Of course, this depends a lot on the capabilities of the vulnerability scanner. Typically, vulnerability scanners can find known vulnerabilities with assigned CVE IDs, but they do not scan for unknown vulnerabilities present in the system. However, most modern vulnerability scanning tools have the capability to find unknown vulnerabilities. Vulnerability scanners can be divided into network vulnerability scanners and web vulnerability scanners. Network vulnerability scanners are specifically designed to scan network infrastructure devices and probe the network protocol stack of the target system. Web vulnerability scanners, on the other hand, operate at the application layer and are specifically designed to scan the Web services provided by the target system.5.7 Vulnerability Management 272Notify the owners and users of the target system and any relevant authorities involved with the system. Although performing a vulnerability scanAlthough performing a vulnerability scan will generally not bring down the system, it is a best practice to perform the scan during maintenance hours of the system. Step 3. Turn on the vulnerability scanner and perform a vulnerability scan. Step 4. Generate an analysis report. Vulnerability scanners are increasingly used as a tool, both in the area of vulnerability management and when dealing with compliance and assurance checks.are increasingly being reused. For example, PCIDSS mandates routine intranet and extranet vulnerability scans. There are a variety of commercial vulnerability scanning tools, and the following are some of the most commonly used commercial vulnerability scanners. Tenable's NessusoRetinao from Beyond Trust Nexpose0 from Rapid?IBM's AppScanoBeyond Security's AVDSO