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cisco certification id check.For any secure system, confidentiality, integrity, and availability should be ensured.3.4.1 Confidentiality The ISO27000 standard has given a very good definition of confidentiality: "Confidentiality is an attribute of information that has the property that information must not be made available or disclosed to unauthorized persons, entities or processes (processes)." Enabling encryption is a common way to safeguard the confidentiality of a system and its data. The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) uses the CIA three-factor principle in the metrics used to calculate the CVSS base score.3.4.2 Integrity Integrity is the ability to ensure that a system and its data are "change-aware". In other words, integrity is a mechanism that ensures that data must be known once it has been modified. Integrity applies not only to data, but also to systems. For example, if a threat initiator modifies the configuration of a server, firewall, router, switch, or any other infrastructure device, it is considered to have affected the integrity of the system.3.4.3 Availability Availability means that the system or application must always be available to authorized users. According to the CVSS Version 3 specification, availability metrics are used to "measure the impact in terms of availability of a component that has been attacked due to its own vulnerability being successfully exploited. While confidentiality and integrity impact metrics are applicable to measuring the loss of confidentiality or integrity of data (e.g., information or files) used by an attacked component, availability metrics are used to measure the loss of availability of the attacked component itself (e.g., some networked service [web service, database service, mail service]). Since the availability3.5 Risk and Risk Analysis 165 availability is theaccessibility to information resources, so attacks such as consuming network bandwidth, processor cycles, or disk space can affect theavailability of the attacked component." A denial-of-service (DoS) attack is an attack that affects the availability of a system.3.5 Risk and risk analysis .. --The Merriam-Webster dictionary explains the word risk as "thepossibilitythatsomethingbadorunpleasantwillhappen. " In the field of cybersecurity, 'risk can be defined as the probability of a security incident (adverse event) occurring. There are many criteria and methods that can be used to classify and analyze cybersecurity risks. The Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) has developed a cybersecurity assessment tool to help financial institutions identify their risks and measure their cybersecurity readiness. The guidance/tool is applicable to any entity. The FFIEC tool provides a repeatable and measurable process that can be used to assess the cybersecurity readiness of each unit. According to FFIEC, the assessment consists of the following two components. H Intrinsic Risk Profile and Cybersecurity Maturity: The Intrinsic Risk Profile identifies the risks inherent in the unit prior to the implementation of controls. The cybersecurity maturity level includes domains, assessment elements, components, and individual declarative statements across 5 levels of maturity and is intended to identify the specific controls and practices to be implemented. While management can determine the maturity level of each domain of a unit, the "assessment" is not specifically intended to determine the overall cybersecurity maturity level.The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 27001: is the international standard for implementing an information security management system (ISMS). ISO 27001 focuses on risk-based planning to ensure that identified information risks, including cyber risks, are managed appropriately based on the nature of the threat and threat. ISO 31000 is a standard for conventional risk management and includes principles and guidelines for managing risk. ISO 31000 is applicable to any organization, regardless of its size, business practices and industry. ISO 31000 allows organizations to improve the probability of achieving their objectives, to improve the identification of opportunities and threats, and to allocate and use resources appropriately to deal with risks.