cisco ccna requirements

cisco ccna requirements.Figure 1.39 Autonomous APs vs. Lightweight APs The architecture and packet flow of the wireless network composed of different types of APs must also be different. In a network with autonomous APs, packets flow in a similar manner to a network with switches, as mentioned in the previous section. Each wireless client is associated with a VLAN, and the interface to the DS on the AP is configured as a Trunk interface. APs can participate in STP, which operates like a switch. Self-governing APs can be managed either individually or through centralized management software. For example, CiscoPrime Infrastructure can be used to manage multiple autonomous APOs, an architecture called autonomous architecture. /This architecture is called a cloud-based architecture. CiscoMeraki BaseAn example of such an architecture is the Cisco Meraki cloud-based wireless network architecture.Deploying LAPs and WLCs is also an option. This deployment is also known as splitMAC, because the LAP and WLC are completely separated functionally. The LAP and WLC will "interoperate" with each other via the CAPWAP protocol. The CAPWAP protocol is a tunneling protocol, defined in RFC 5415, which is used to tunnel 802.11 frames through the LAP to the WLC for further forwarding. Since the WLC can be placed in any "corner" within the DS (e.g., in a different VLAN than the LAP), the necessary encapsulation of traffic between the LAP and the WLC is required. 802.11 frames encapsulated in the CAPWAP protocol are IP packets, so the WLC can be deployed anywhere in the network, requiring only IP connectivity between the LAP and the WLC. The CAPWAP protocol uses UDP for end-to-end interaction between the LAP and the WLC, and also protects the tunnel with the help of the DTLS protocol.The following two logical tunnels are established between the LAP and the WLC via the CAPWAP protocol.The CAPWAP control message tunnel, which is used to pass management frames.42 Chapter 1 Network Protocols and Network Device BasicsCAPWAP data tunnel, which is used to send/receive the actual data to/from the LAP.As soon as the LAP is added to the network, a tunnel to the WLC is established. Thereafter, the WLC can push configuration and other management information to the LAP.According to the MAC-separated deployment, after receiving the information from the wireless workstation, the AP will follow the CAPWAP specification to encapsulate the information and forward it to the WLCO Let's say that in a WLAN deployed in a MAC-separated manner, the AP will follow theRFC5416 defines the CAPPWAP protocol associated with 802.11 to encapsulate the information, and this RFC also defines how the