cisco ccna r&s

cisco ccna r&s.IEEE 802.1Q introduces the concept of an intrinsic (native) VLAN. The difference between an intrinsic VLAN and a non-intrinsic VLAN is that traffic for an intrinsic VLAN is passed over a Trunk link without VLAN tagging. With the IEEE802.1Qtagging protocol enabled, if a switch receives an untagged frame over a trunk link, it treats the frame as belonging to a native VLAN and forwards it accordingly.Cisco VLAN Trunk Protocol The Cisco VLAN Trunk Protocol (VTP) is a Cisco private protocol used to control the distribution of VLAN information between different switches. VTP should not be confused with the VLANtagging protocol, which is used to add tags containing VLAN information to frames transmitted over a Trunk link. The role of VTP is to distribute existing VLAN information to all switches in the VTP domainThis eliminates the need to manually divide VLANs on each switch, thus reducing the burden on network administrators. For example, after creating a new VLAN on a switch, if you want to create a new VLAN on all the other switches, you can create a new VLAN on each switch.34 Chapter 1 Network Protocols and Network Device BasicsIf you want to create the same VLAN on all the remaining switches, you have to enable the VLAN Trunk protocol and use a consistent VLAN IDO VTP causes the switches in the VTP domain to automatically send announcements related to the status of the VLAN database. The receiving switch maintains a VLAN database and performs VLAN synchronization based on the information contained in the VTP announcement message.VTP relies on protocols such as 802.1Q to transport information. The switch can operate in the following three VTP modes.Server mode: When operating in server mode, network administrators can configure or delete VLANs on the switch, and VTP is responsible for publishing VLAN-related information to other switches in the VTP domain.Client mode: When operating in client mode, the switch receives VLAN-related updates and advertises information about locally configured VLANs, but network administrators cannot add or remove VLANs on itOTransparent mode: When operating in transparent mode, the switch does not participate in VTP, does not perform VLAN database updates, and does not generate VTP announcement messages, but it will pass through VTP announcement messages sent by other switches.6. Inter-VLAN Traffic Forwarding and Multilayer Switches