ccna questions and answers pdf download

ccna questions and answers pdf download..CSMA/CD is used to send information over Ethernet shared media. ...CSMA/CD listens for cables before transmitting data; if a conflict occurs, it generates a congestion signal and waits a random period of time before transmitting....IEEE divides the Ethernet data link layer into two parts: the LLC (software interface) defined by 802.2 and the MAC (hardware) defined by 802.3.components). . EthernetII does not define sublayers like 802.2 and 802.3, which use type fields instead of length fields.Addressing . The binary is read from right to left, where the rightmost bit is the lowest valid bit and the leftmost bit is the highest valid bit. For each bit, a value of 1 indicates the corresponding 2's leap. The possible values of the hexadecimal bits are 0 to F. The MAC address is 48 bits long and is expressed in hexadecimal, where the first 6 hexadecimal bits are 05 (vendor code), and the next 6 hexadecimal bits are the NIC number. The local broadcast address is FFFF.FFFF.FFFF or FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FFOEthernet connection. The common copper cable used for Ethernet is UTP, which contains four pairs of wires.UTP is inexpensive and easy to install and troubleshoot. However, UTP has a limited maximum transmission distance and is subject to EMI and RFI.UTP cables use RJ-45 connectors.. Straight-through UTP cable is used to connect the DTE to the DCEo. Cross UTP cables are used to connect the DTE to the DTE and the DCE to the DCE O. Fiber optics for connecting equipment located in different buildings or far apart, in two types: MMF and SMF O. Common types of Ethernet include standard Ethernet (e.g. lOBaseT), Fast Ethernet (e.g. lOOBaseTX) and Gigabit Ethernet (e.g. lOOOBaseLX and lOOOBaseSX)