ccna questions and answers pdf 2020

ccna questions and answers pdf 2020.A straight-through unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable is used to connect the DTE to the DCE, where the DTE is the PC or router and the DCE is the switchThe DTE is a PC or router and the DCE is a switch or hub. Crossover cables are used to connect DCEs to DCEs and DTEs to DTEs. in a crossover cable, pin 1 connects to pin 3, and pin 2 connects to pin 6. in the exam, you may be required to select the appropriate type of cable for the device to be connected.It is important to be familiar with the various Ethernet implementations, such as lOBaseT.lOOBaseTX and 1OOOBaseLX, including their maximum transmission distances and the types of connectors used. gbic is used to provide connectors for gigabit Ethernet interfaces.3.4 Certification SummaryThis chapter focuses on Ethernet LAN technology. Ethernet is a shared medium that is implemented using CSMA/CD. When a device wants to transmit data, it must first listen to the cable to determine if another device is transmitting. If two devices are transmitting data at the same time, a conflict will occur. In this case, a congestion signal will be generated and both devices will wait for a random period of time before attempting to transmit.There are two versions of Ethernet: IEEE 802.2/3 and Ethernet II (DIX)802.2 defines the LLC (whose functionality is implemented by software), while 802.3 defines the MAC (whose functionality is implemented by hardware) 802.2 uses the SAP or type field to indicate the encapsulated Layer 3 protocol. o Ethernet II does not define a data link sublayer and does not have a length field, but uses a type field to indicate the encapsulated protocol.Computers deal with binary numbers, which are strings of 0s and 1s. Bits that are 1 represent the corresponding decimal value - 2 " (where n is the number of that bit).MAC addresses are represented in hexadecimal, with all possible values of the hexadecimal bits being 0 to F,where F represents the decimal number 15 MAC addresses where all binary bits are 1 (FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF) are local broadcast address.The types of cable used for Ethernet include copper and fiber optic cable. Copper cables are used to connect devices that are not far apart, while fiber optic cables are used to connect devices that are far apart and in environments where EMI interference (which affects the signals transmitted over copper cables) is present. In Ethernet, the most commonly used copper cable is Category 5 UTP. two types of UTP are used: straight-through cables and crossover cables. Straight-through cables are used to connect switches to routers or PCs, while crossover cables are used between switches, between hubs, between switches and hubs, between routers and PCs, and between routers and PCs.3.5 Two-Minute Sprint I