ccna questions and answers pdf 2019

ccna questions and answers pdf 2019.A Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) is an I/O device that plugs into a Gigabit Ethernet interface (and 10Gbit/s connector) and is available with a variety of interface connectors, as shown in Table 3.14 The advantage of a GBIC is that when a GBIC-enabled device is purchased, the device comes with its own Gigabit Ethernet port, so the appropriate GBIC interface connector can be purchased depending on the cable to be used. This means that when cabling needs change, the current GBIC can simply be replaced with a GBIC that matches the new cable. Most GBICs are hot-swappable, but be sure to read the instructions provided by the device manufacturer before plugging in or unplugging the GBIC.There is not only one media type and connection speed that can be used in a network, but it is common to use a mix of media types and connection speeds as needed.It is common to use a mix of media types and connection speeds as needed. For example, it is common for users to connect to lOOBaseTX using Category 5 or 5E cable, and for servers to connect to lOOBaseTX using 5E cable.The connection is lOOOBaseTX with 5E cable and the switch connection is a 1 or 10 Gbit/s fiber connection.Gbit/s connectors are becoming more common in corporate networks, especially in data centers and campus network connectivity. The first 10 Gbit/s standard, 802.3ak, was released in 2004 and uses a two-core coaxial cable, often referred to as InfiniBand. 10 Gbit/s Ethernet requires the use of a full-duplex connection. There are many other 10 Gbit/s Ethernet standards, and the main differences between them are the connectors, the cabling, and the information that is transmitted. The latest standard is 802.3-2012, which is compatible with all 10 Gbit/s. 1 Gbit/s and Ethernet standards.Evolution of Ethernet and standardsBe sure to familiarize yourself with how CSMA/CD works in Ethernet, including Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet. Don't forget that all devices are equal when it comes to accessing Ethernet cables. For exam purposes, the frame encapsulation of Ethernet II and 802.2/802.3 is less important, but you must know the similarities and differences between the two frames.AddressingBe sure to be able to convert between binary, decimal, and hexadecimal. Be sure to remember the contents of Tables 3.5 and 3.7. Be sure to know the length of the MAC address (48 bits), the two components of the MAC address, and what the MAC local broadcast address looks like. Don't forget that routers do not propagate local broadcasts and that MAC addresses must be unique within the same broadcast domain.Ethernet Connectivity