ccna certification guided study group

ccna certification guided study group.Limited broadcasts are limited to sending packets to all hosts in the local network, and the packet destination IPv4 address is 255.255.255.255o The router does not forward limited broadcasts. Therefore, the limited broadcast range of an IPv4 network is also called the broadcast domain, and the router is the boundary of the broadcast domain. DHCP Discover packets and ARP Request packets are both limited broadcasts..14 . Cisco Networking Lab CCNA Lab Guide (Release 2)2.1.4 IPv4 SubnettingIn early network implementations. which connects all computers and other network devices to the same IPv4 network. a flat network design. In small networks with a limited number of devices, there is no problem using a flat network design, but as the network grows in size it creates potential problems in terms of reduced network performance and network security. The process of dividing the network into multiple smaller networks is called subnetting, and these smaller networks are called subnets. Network administrators can divide subnets based on information such as geographic location and organizational departments. Subnet segmentation is actually increasing the length of the network mask by borrowing a number of bits from the host portion of the address to increase the length of the network portion. The number of subnets required and the number of host addresses required are two factors to be considered when subnetting. If bits are borrowed from the host part, then 2 subnets can be created. If the length of the host part is bits, then the number of hosts (i.e., valid IPv4 addresses) accommodated by the subnet is 2-2.The following is a concrete example to explain subnetting. An example of subnetting is shown in Figure 2-6. The entire network has a 192.16.1.0/24 Class C address space. 20.30 hosts are needed for each Ethernet connected to router R1.R4. 7 subnets are needed as seen in the figure.Figure 2-6 Subnetting ExampleAccording to the requirement, you should borrow 3 bits (i.e., the subnet mask length is 27 bits) for subnet division, and 8 subnets can be created, and 1 extra subnet can be reserved for subsequent network expansion. With a subnet mask length of 27 bits, each subnet can provide 30 valid IPv4 addresses for use to meet the number of hosts per Ethernet. The subnets divided using FLSM (Fixed Length Mask) are shown in Table 2.1, which illustrates the network addresses, subnet masks, address ranges and broadcast addresses of each subnet and their assigned usage.Table 2.1 Subnetting using FLSM (Fixed Length Mask)Subnet Address /Mask Length Valid IPv4 Address Range Subnet Broadcast Address Assignment Usage192.16.1.0/27 192.16.1.1.192.16.1.30 192.16.1.31 Ethernet A